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Current report (Form 8-K) · Jun 5, 2026 · Other material event · Item 3.03 · Charter amendment · +1 more
GPGI, Inc.
11
Other material event
Jun 5, 2026
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EX-2.1 · tm2616921d2_ex2-1.htm EX-2.1 2 tm2616921d2_ex2-1.htm EXHIBIT 2.1 Exhibit 2.1 PLAN OF CONVERSION OF GPGI, INC. This Plan of Conversion (this “ Plan of Conversion ”) is adopted as of June 5, 2026 to convert GPGI, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Converting Entity ”), to a Nevada corporation to be known as “GPGI, Inc.” (the “ Converted Entity ”). 1. Converting Entity . The Converting Entity is a corporation organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended (the “ DGCL ”). 2. Converted Entity . The Converted Entity shall be a corporation organized under Chapter 78 of the Nevada Revised Statutes, as amended (the “ NRS ”). The name of the Converted Entity shall be GPGI, Inc. 3. The Conversion . The Converting Entity shall be converted to the Converted Entity (the “ Conversion ”) pursuant to NRS 92A.195 and Section 266 of the DGCL. 4. Filing of Conversion Documents; Effective Time . As soon as practicable following the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 9 hereof, if this Plan of Conversion shall not have been terminated prior thereto as provided in Section 12 hereof, the Converting Entity shall cause (i) articles of conversion meeting the requirements of NRS 92A.205 and NRS 92A.230 (the “ Articles of Conversion ”) and the articles of incorporation of the Converted Entity (the “ Nevada Charter ”) to be properly executed and filed in accordance with such sections and (ii) a certificate of conversion meeting the requirements of Section 266 of the DGCL (the “ Certificate of Conversion ”) to be properly executed and filed in accordance with such section, and otherwise make all other filings or recordings as required by the NRS or the DGCL in connection with the Conversion. The Conversion shall become effective at such date and time as is set forth in the Articles of Conversion and Certificate of Conversion as the effective date and time of the Conversion (such time, the “ Effective Time ”). 5. Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws . At the Effective Time, the Nevada Charter and the bylaws of the Converted Entity (the “ Nevada Bylaws ”), in the forms attached hereto as Exhibit A and Exhibit B , respectively, shall govern the Converted Entity until amended in accordance with their respective terms and applicable law. 6. Directors and Officers . At the Effective Time, by virtue of the Conversion and without any further action on the part of the Converting Entity or Converted Entity, or their respective stockholders: (i) the Board of Directors of the Converted Entity will consist of the same directors, having the same director classes and the same terms, as the directors of the Converting Entity as of immediately prior to the Effective Time, each director to serve until his or her successor has been duly elected or appointed and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal in accordance with the Nevada Charter, Nevada Bylaws and the NRS; (ii) the executive chairman of the Board of Directors of the Converting Entity as of immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be the executive chairman of the Board of Directors of the Converted Entity, and shall serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors of the Converted Entity; (iii) each committee of the Board of Directors of the Converting Entity as of immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be constituted as a committee of the Board of Directors of the Converted Entity on the same terms and, subject to applicable law, with the same powers and authority as the applicable committee of the Board of Directors of the Converting Entity as of immediately prior to the Effective Time, and the members of each committee of the Board of Directors of the Converting Entity as of immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be the members of each such committee of the Board of Directors of the Converted Entity, each to serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors of the Converted Entity; and (iv) the officers of the Converted Entity shall be the same officers as the officers of the Converting Entity as of immediately prior to the Effective Time (and any designation as an “executive officer”under Rule 3b-7 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”), or “officer” for purposes of Section 16 of the Exchange Act shall remain in effect), each to serve until his or her successor has been duly elected or appointed and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal in accordance with the Nevada Charter, the Nevada Bylaws and the NRS. 1 7. Effect on Capital Stock of Converting Entity . At the Effective Time, by virtue of the Conversion and without any further action on the part of the Converting Entity, the Converted Entity or any other person, each share of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Converting Entity issued and outstanding or held in treasury immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be automatically converted into one share of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Converted Entity. At and after the Effective Time, all of the issued and outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock of the Converting Entity shall automatically become the number and series of shares of the Converted Entity into which such shares of the Converting Entity have been converted as herein provided in accordance with the customary procedures of the Converting Entity’s transfer agent. 8. Effect on Other Securities of Converting Entity . At the Effective Time, any option, restricted stock unit, equity or equity-based award, or other right to acquire any shares of, or of any instrument to convert into or based on the value of, the Class A Common Stock of the Converting Entity or other equity security of the Converting Entity, whether vested or unvested, which is outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (each, a “ Convertible Security ”), shall from and after the Effective Time, constitute an option, restricted stock unit, equity or equity-based award or other right to acquire any shares of, or of any instrument to convert into or based on the value of, the same amount of the Class A Common Stock of the Converted Entity or other equity securities of the Converted Entity, respectively, and, if applicable, with the same exercise or purchase price per share, and shall, to the extent permitted by law and otherwise reasonably practicable, have the same term, exercisability, vesting schedule, status and all other terms and conditions of the applicable Convertible Security immediately prior to the Effective Time. 9. Conditions Precedent . Completion of the Conversion is subject to the following conditions: (a) the resolution of the Board of Directors of the Converting Entity (the “ Board of Directors ”) approving the conversion of the Converting Entity to the Converted Entity pursuant to and in accordance with applicable law and this Plan of Conversion shall have been adopted and approved by the affirmative vote or consent of a majority of the aggregate voting power of the shares of the Class A Common Stock of the Converting Entity outstanding and entitled to vote thereon; and (b) other than the filing of the Articles of Conversion, the Nevada Charter and the Certificate of Conversion provided for under Section 4 hereof, any other regulatory or contractual approvals that the Board of Directors or any duly authorized committee thereof (in its sole discretion) determines to obtain shall have been so obtained and be in full force and effect. All of the foregoing conditions are non-waivable, except that the condition set forth in Section 9(b) hereof may be waived by the Board of Directors or any duly authorized committee thereof, and any determination by the Board of Directors or any duly authorized committee thereof prior to the Effective Time concerning the satisfaction or waiver of any condition set forth in this Section 9 shall be final and conclusive. 10. Effect of Conversion . From and after the Effective Time, the Conversion shall, for all purposes of the laws of the State of Delaware, have the effects set forth in Section 266(h) of the DGCL and shall, for all purposes of the laws of the State of Nevada, have the effects set forth in NRS 92A.250(3). 11. Record of Conversion . A copy of this Plan of Conversion will be kept at the principal place of business of the Converted Entity and, upon the request of any stockholder of the Converting Entity, a copy of this Plan of Conversion shall promptly be provided to such stockholder without cost. 12. Termination; Abandonment . At any time before the Effective Time, whether before or after approval of the Conversion by the requisite stockholders of the Converting Entity as described above, this Plan of Conversion may be terminated and the Conversion may be abandoned, or the consummation of the Conversion may be deferred for a reasonable period of time if, in the opinion of the Board of Directors or any duly authorized committee thereof, such action would be in the best interests of the Converting Entity and its stockholders. In the event of termination of this Plan of Conversion, this Plan of Conversion shall become void and of no effect. 13. Plan of Reorganization . It is intended that the Conversion qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a)(1)(F) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code ”) (and any similar provision of state or local law). This Plan of Conversion shall constitute, and is adopted as, a “plan of reorganization” within the meaning of Sections 1.368-2(g) and 1.368-3(a) of the U.S. Treasury Regulations promulgated under the Code. [Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank] 2 This Plan of Conversion has been adopted by the Board of Directors as of the date set forth above. GPGI, INC. By: /s/ David A.P. Marshall Name: David A.P. Marshall Title: Corporate Secretary [ Signature page to Plan of Conversion ] |
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EX-3.1 · tm2616921d2_ex3-1.htm EX-3.1 3 tm2616921d2_ex3-1.htm EXHIBIT 3.1 Exhibit 3.1 ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF GPGI, INC. ARTICLE I NAME The name of the Corporation is GPGI, Inc. (the “ Corporation ”). The Corporation is the resulting entity in the conversion of GPGI, Inc., a Delaware corporation, into a Nevada corporation and is a continuation of the existence thereof pursuant to Chapter 92A of the Nevada Revised Statutes (as amended from time to time, the “ NRS ”). ARTICLE II PURPOSE The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the NRS. In addition to the powers and privileges conferred upon the Corporation by law and those incidental thereto, the Corporation shall possess and may exercise all the powers and privileges that are necessary or convenient to the conduct, promotion or attainment of the business or purposes of the Corporation. ARTICLE III REGISTERED AGENT The registered office of the Corporation shall be the street address of its registered agent in the State of Nevada. The Corporation may, from time to time, in the manner provided by law, change the registered agent and registered office within the State of Nevada. The Corporation may also maintain an office or offices for the conduct of its business, either within or without the State of Nevada. ARTICLE IV CAPITALIZATION Section 4.1 Authorized Capital Stock . The total number of shares of all classes of capital stock, each with a par value of $0.0001 per share, which the Corporation is authorized to issue is 1,010,000,000 shares, consisting of (a) 1,000,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock (“ Common Stock ”) and (b) 10,000,000 shares shall be designated as Preferred Stock, par value of $0.0001 per share (“ Preferred Stock ”). Section 4.2 Preferred Stock . The Preferred Stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series. The Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “ Board ”) is expressly granted authority to issue shares of the Preferred Stock, in one or more series, and to fix for each such series such voting powers, full or limited, and such designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights and such qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof as shall be stated and expressed in the resolutions adopted by the Board providing for the establishment and issue of such series and in the certificate of designation establishing such series of Preferred Stock as filed in the office of the Nevada Secretary of State (a “ Preferred Stock Designation ”) pursuant to the NRS. Section 4.3 Common Stock . (a) Except as otherwise required by law or these articles of incorporation (as amended and/or restated from time to time and including any Preferred Stock Designation, the “ Articles of Incorporation ”), the holders of Common Stock shall possess all voting power with respect to the Corporation. The holders of shares of Common Stock shall be entitled to one vote for each such share on each matter properly submitted to the stockholders on which the holders of the Common Stock are entitled to vote. The holders of shares of Common Stock shall at all times vote together as one class on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders of the Corporation. 1 (b) Except as otherwise required by law or the Articles of Incorporation, at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, the holders of the Common Stock shall have the exclusive right to vote for the election of directors and on all other matters properly submitted to a vote of the stockholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as otherwise required by law or the Articles of Incorporation, the holders of the Common Stock shall not be entitled to vote on any amendment to the Articles of Incorporation (including any amendment to any Preferred Stock Designation) that relates solely to the terms of one or more outstanding series of the Preferred Stock if the holders of such affected series are entitled, either separately or together with the holders of one or more other such series, to vote thereon pursuant to the Articles of Incorporation. (c) Subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of the Preferred Stock, the holders of the Common Stock shall be entitled to receive such dividends and other distributions (payable in cash, property or capital stock of the Corporation) when, as and if declared thereon by the Board from time to time out of any assets or funds of the Corporation legally available therefor, and shall share equally on a per share basis in such dividends and other distributions. (d) Subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of the Preferred Stock, in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Corporation, after payment or provision for payment of the debts and other liabilities of the Corporation, the holders of the Common Stock shall be entitled to receive all the remaining assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders, ratably in proportion to the number of shares of the Common Stock held by them. Section 4.4 Rights and Options . The Corporation has the authority to create and issue rights, warrants and options entitling the holders thereof to purchase shares of any class or series of the Corporation’s capital stock or other securities of the Corporation, and such rights, warrants and options shall be evidenced by instrument(s) approved by the Board. The Board is empowered to set the exercise price, duration, times for exercise and other terms and conditions of such rights, warrants or options; provided , however , that the consideration to be received for any shares of capital stock subject thereto may not be less than the par value thereof. ARTICLE V BOARD OF DIRECTORS Section 5.1 Board Powers . The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by, or under the direction of, the Board. In addition to the powers and authority expressly conferred upon the Board by the NRS, the Articles of Incorporation or the bylaws of the Corporation (as amended and/or restated from time to time, the “ Bylaws ”), the Board is hereby empowered to exercise all such powers and do all such acts and things as may be exercised or done by the Corporation, subject, nevertheless, to the provisions of the NRS and the Articles of Incorporation. Section 5.2 Number, Election and Term . (a) The number of directors of the Corporation, other than those who may be elected by the holders of one or more series of the Preferred Stock voting separately by class or series, shall be fixed from time to time exclusively by the Board pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the Board. (b) Subject to Section 5.5 hereof, the Board shall be divided into three classes, as nearly equal in number as possible, and designated Class I, Class II and Class III. At each annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, successors to the class of directors whose term expires at that annual meeting shall be elected for a three-year term. Subject to Section 5.5 hereof, if the number of directors is changed, any increase or decrease shall be apportioned by the Board among the classes so as to maintain the number of directors in each class as nearly equal as possible, but in no case shall a decrease in the number of directors cause the removal of or shorten the term of any incumbent director. Directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast at an annual meeting of stockholders by holders of the Common Stock. (c) Subject to Section 5.5 hereof, a director shall hold office until the annual meeting for the year in which his or her term expires and until his or her successor has been elected or appointed and qualified, subject, however, to such director’s earlier death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal. 2 (d) Unless and except to the extent that the Bylaws shall so require, the election of directors need not be by written ballot. Section 5.3 Newly Created Directorships and Vacancies . Subject to Section 5.5 hereof, newly created directorships resulting from an increase in the number of directors and any vacancies on the Board resulting from death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, removal or other cause shall be filled solely by a majority vote of the remaining directors then in office, even if less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director (and not by stockholders), and any director so chosen shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors to which the new directorship was added or in which the vacancy occurred and until his or her successor has been elected and qualified, subject, however, to such director’s earlier death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal. Section 5.4 Removal . Any or all of the directors (other than the directors elected by the holders of any series of Preferred Stock voting separately as a series or together with one or more other such series, as the case may be) may be removed at any time, but only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of at least the minimum percentage of the voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class, then permitted under the NRS for such vote (which in any event shall not be less than a simple majority). Section 5.5 Preferred Stock Directors . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article V , and except as otherwise required by law, whenever the holders of one or more series of the Preferred Stock shall have the right, voting separately by class or series, to elect one or more directors, the term of office, the filling of vacancies, the removal from office and other features of such directorships shall be governed by the terms of such series of the Preferred Stock as set forth in the Articles of Incorporation (including any Preferred Stock Designation) and such directors shall not be included in any of the classes created pursuant to this Article V unless expressly provided by such terms. ARTICLE VI BYLAWS In furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred upon it by law, the Board shall have the power to adopt, amend, alter or repeal the Bylaws. The affirmative vote of a majority of the Board shall be required to adopt, amend, alter or repeal the Bylaws. The Bylaws also may be adopted, amended, altered or repealed by the stockholders; provided , however , that in addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of capital stock of the Corporation required by law, by the Articles of Incorporation, or by the Bylaws, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the voting power of all then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, shall be required for the stockholders to adopt, amend, alter or repeal the Bylaws; and provided further , however , that no Bylaws hereafter adopted by the stockholders shall invalidate any prior act of the Board that would have been valid if such Bylaws had not been adopted. ARTICLE VII MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS; ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT Section 7.1 Meetings . Subject to the rights of the holders of any outstanding series of the Preferred Stock, and to the requirements of applicable law, special meetings of stockholders of the Corporation may be called only by the Chair of the Board or the President of the Corporation, or the Board pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the Board, and the ability of the stockholders to call a special meeting is hereby specifically denied. Section 7.2 Advance Notice . Advance notice of stockholder nominations for the election of directors and of business to be brought by stockholders before any meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation shall be given in the manner provided in the Bylaws. Section 7.3 Action by Written Consent . Any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation must be effected by a duly called annual or special meeting of such holders and may not be effected by written consent of the stockholders. 3 ARTICLE VIII LIMITED LIABILITY The liability of directors and officers of the Corporation is hereby eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by Nevada law. Without limiting the effect of the preceding sentence, if the NRS is amended to further eliminate or limit or authorize corporate action to further eliminate or limit the liability of directors and officers, the liability of the directors and officers of the Corporation shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the NRS, as so amended, automatically and without further action, upon the date of such amendment. No repeal or amendment of this Article VIII by the stockholders of the Corporation or by changes in law, or the adoption of any other provision of the Articles of Incorporation inconsistent with this Article VIII , shall, unless otherwise required by law, diminish or adversely affect any right or protection existing at the time of such repeal or amendment or adoption of such inconsistent provision in respect of any proceeding (regardless of when such proceeding is first threatened, commenced or completed) arising out of, or related to, any act or omission occurring prior to such repeal or amendment or adoption of such inconsistent provision. ARTICLE IX CORPORATE OPPORTUNITY (a) To the fullest extent permitted under NRS 78.070(8), the doctrine of corporate opportunity, or any other analogous doctrine, shall not apply with respect to the Corporation or any of its officers or directors in circumstances where the application of any such doctrine to a corporate opportunity would conflict with any fiduciary duties or contractual obligations they may have as of the date of these Articles of Incorporation or in the future. In addition to the foregoing, the doctrine of corporate opportunity shall not apply to any other corporate opportunity with respect to any of the directors or officers of the Corporation unless such corporate opportunity is offered to such person solely in his or her capacity as a director or officer of the Corporation and such opportunity is one the Corporation is legally and contractually permitted to undertake and would otherwise be reasonable for the Corporation to pursue. (b) Neither the alteration, amendment, addition to or repeal of this Article IX , nor the adoption of any provision of the Articles of Incorporation inconsistent with this Article IX , shall eliminate or reduce the effect of this Article IX in respect of any business opportunity first identified or any other matter occurring, or any cause of action, suit or claim that, but for this Article IX , would accrue or arise, prior to such alteration, amendment, addition, repeal or adoption. This Article IX shall not limit any protections or defenses available to, or indemnification or advancement rights of, any director or officer of the Corporation under the Articles of Incorporation, the Bylaws or applicable law. ARTICLE X LIMITED WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, all internal actions (as defined in NRS 78.046 or any successor statute) to be tried in any court of the State of Nevada must be tried before the presiding judge as the trier of fact, and not before a jury. This Article X shall conclusively operate as a waiver of the right to trial by jury by each party to any such internal action. ARTICLE XI AMENDMENT OF ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION The Corporation reserves the right to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision contained in the Articles of Incorporation, in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by the Articles of Incorporation and the NRS; and, except as set forth in Article VIII , all rights, preferences and privileges herein conferred upon stockholders, directors or any other persons by and pursuant to the Articles of Incorporation in its present form or as hereafter amended are granted subject to the right reserved in this Article XI . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in these Articles of Incorporation, and notwithstanding that a lesser percentage may be permitted from time to time by applicable law, no provision of Article V , Section 7.1 , Section 7.3 , Article VIII , Article IX , Article X and this Article XI may be altered, amended or repealed in any respect, nor may any provision or bylaw inconsistent therewith be adopted, unless, in addition to any other vote required by the Articles of Incorporation or otherwise required by law, such alteration, amendment, repeal or adoption is approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class. **************** 4 |
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EX-3.2 · tm2616921d2_ex3-2.htm EX-3.2 4 tm2616921d2_ex3-2.htm EXHIBIT 3.2 Exhibit 3.2 BYLAWS OF GPGI, INC. (THE “CORPORATION”) ARTICLE I OFFICES Section 1.1 Registered Office . The registered office of the Corporation within the State of Nevada shall be located at the office of the entity or individual acting as the Corporation’s registered agent in Nevada. Section 1.2 Additional Offices . The Corporation may, in addition to its registered office in the State of Nevada, have such other offices and places of business, both within and outside the State of Nevada, as the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “ Board ”) may from time to time determine or as the business and affairs of the Corporation may require. ARTICLE II STOCKHOLDER MEETINGS Section 2.1 Annual Meetings . The annual meeting of stockholders shall be held at such physical location either within or without the State of Nevada, and at such time and on such date as shall be determined by the Board, and by such means of remote communication as is authorized by Section 78.320(4)-(5) of the Nevada Revised Statutes (as amended from time to time, the “ NRS ”) and stated in the notice of the meeting, provided that the Board may in its sole discretion determine that the meeting shall not be held at any physical location, but may instead be held solely by means of remote communication pursuant to Section 9.5(a) . At each annual meeting, the stockholders entitled to vote on such matters shall elect those directors of the Corporation to fill any term of a directorship that expires on the date of such annual meeting and may transact any other business as may properly be brought before the meeting. Section 2.2 Special Meetings . Subject to the rights of the holders of any outstanding series of the preferred stock of the Corporation (“ Preferred Stock ”), other than as may be required by the NRS and the requirements of applicable law, special meetings of stockholders, for any purpose or purposes, may be called only by the Chair of the Board, the President, or the Board pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the Board, and may not be called by any other person. Special meetings of stockholders shall be held at such physical location, either within or without the State of Nevada, and at such time and on such date as shall be determined by the Board, and in whole or in part by such means of remote communication as is authorized by NRS 78.320(4)-(5), and stated in the Corporation’s notice of the meeting, provided that the Board may in its sole discretion determine that the meeting shall not be held at any physical location, but may instead be held solely by means of remote communication pursuant to Section 9.5(a) . Section 2.3 Notices . Written notice of each stockholders’ meeting shall be given in accordance with NRS 78.370 (and shall contain or be accompanied by such additional information as may be required by the NRS, including without limitation, NRS 78.379, 92A.120 or 92A.410). The notice shall state the physical location, if any, date, and time of the meeting, and the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting and the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, if such date is different from the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting, and shall be given in the manner permitted by Section 9.3 to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat as of the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting, by the Corporation not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting unless otherwise required by the NRS. If said notice is for a stockholders’ meeting other than an annual meeting, it shall in addition state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, and the business transacted at such meeting shall be limited to the matters so stated in the Corporation’s notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto), provided, however that (a) if a proposed plan of merger, conversion or exchange is to be submitted to a vote at the meeting, the notice of the meeting must state that the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the meeting is to consider the plan of merger, conversion or exchange and must contain or be accompanied by a copy or summary of the plan, and (b) if a proposed action creating dissenter’s rights is to be submitted to a vote at the meeting, the notice of the meeting must state that the stockholders are or may be entitled to assert dissenter’s rights under NRS 92A.300 to 92A.500, inclusive, and be accompanied by a copy of those statutory provisions. Any meeting of stockholders as to which notice has been given may be postponed, and any meeting of stockholders as to which notice has been given may be cancelled, by the Board upon public announcement (as defined in Section 2.7(c) ) given before the date previously scheduled for such meeting. 1 Section 2.4 Quorum . Except as otherwise provided by applicable law, the Corporation’s articles of incorporation (as the same may be amended and/or restated from time to time, and including any certificate of designation establishing any series of Preferred Stock, the “ Articles of Incorporation ”) or these bylaws (as the same may be amended and/or restated from time to time, the “ Bylaws ”), the presence, in person or by proxy (regardless of whether the proxy has authority to vote on any matter), at a stockholders’ meeting of the holders of shares of outstanding capital stock of the Corporation representing a majority of the voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at such meeting, except that when specified business is to be voted on by a class or series of stock voting as a class, the holders of shares representing a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of such class or series shall constitute a quorum of such class or series for the transaction of such business. If a quorum shall not be present or represented by proxy at any meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, the chair of the meeting may adjourn the meeting from time to time in the manner provided in Section 2.6 until a quorum shall attend. The stockholders present at a duly convened meeting may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum. Shares of its own stock belonging to the Corporation or to another corporation, if a majority of the voting power of the shares entitled to vote in the election of directors of such other corporation is held, directly or indirectly, by the Corporation, shall neither be entitled to vote nor be counted for quorum purposes; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not limit the right of the Corporation or any such other corporation to vote shares held by it in a fiduciary capacity. Section 2.5 Voting of Shares . (a) Voting Lists . The Secretary of the Corporation (the “ Secretary ”) shall prepare, or shall cause the officer or agent who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation to prepare and make, at least 10 days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders of record entitled to vote at such meeting; provided, however, that if the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote is less than 10 days before the meeting date, the list shall reflect the stockholders entitled to vote as of the tenth day before the meeting date, arranged in alphabetical order and showing the address and the number and class of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Nothing contained in this Section 2.5(a) shall require the Corporation to include electronic mail addresses or other electronic contact information on such list. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours for a period of at least 10 days prior to the meeting: (i) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or (ii) during ordinary business hours, at the principal place of business of the Corporation. In the event that the Corporation determines to make the list available on an electronic network, the Corporation may take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available only to stockholders of the Corporation. If the meeting is to be held at a physical location, then the list shall be produced and kept at the time and physical location of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. If a meeting of stockholders is to be held solely by means of remote communication as permitted by Section 9.5(a) , the list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information required to access such list shall be provided with the notice of meeting. The stock ledger shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the list required by this Section 2.5(a) or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders. 2 (b) Manner of Voting . At any stockholders’ meeting, every stockholder entitled to vote may vote in person or by proxy. If authorized by the Board, the voting by stockholders or proxy holders at any meeting conducted in whole or in part by remote communication may be effected by a ballot submitted by electronic transmission (as defined in Section 9.3 ), provided that any such electronic transmission must either set forth or be submitted with information from which the Corporation can determine that the electronic transmission was authorized by the stockholder or proxy holder. The Board, in its discretion, or the chair of the meeting of stockholders, in such person’s discretion, may require that any votes cast at such meeting shall be cast by written ballot. (c) Proxies . Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to express consent or dissent to corporate action in writing without a meeting may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder by proxy, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after six months from its date, unless the proxy expressly provides for a longer period, subject to applicable limitations under NRS 78.355. A duly executed proxy shall be irrevocable if it states that it is irrevocable but only if the proxy is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power. The revocability of a proxy that states on its face that it is irrevocable shall be governed by the applicable provisions of NRS 78.355. Proxies need not be filed with the Secretary until the meeting is called to order, but shall be filed with the Secretary before being voted. No stockholder shall have cumulative voting rights. Without limiting the manner in which a stockholder may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder as proxy, either of the following shall constitute a valid means by which a stockholder may grant such authority. (i) A stockholder may execute a writing authorizing another person or persons to act for such stockholder as proxy. Execution may be accomplished by the stockholder or such stockholder’s authorized officer, director, employee or agent signing such writing or causing such person’s signature to be affixed to such writing by any reasonable means, including, but not limited to, by facsimile signature. (ii) A stockholder may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder as proxy by transmitting or authorizing the transmission of an electronic transmission to the person who will be the holder of the proxy or to a proxy solicitation firm, proxy support service organization or like agent duly authorized by the person who will be the holder of the proxy to receive such transmission, provided that any such electronic transmission must either set forth or be submitted with information from which it can be determined that the electronic transmission was authorized by the stockholder. Any copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reliable reproduction of the writing or transmission authorizing another person or persons to act as proxy for a stockholder may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing or transmission for any and all purposes for which the original writing or transmission could be used; provided that such copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original writing or transmission. (d) Required Vote . Subject to the rights of the holders of one or more series of Preferred Stock, voting separately by class or series, to elect directors pursuant to the terms of one or more series of Preferred Stock, at all meetings of stockholders at which a quorum is present, the election of directors shall be determined by a plurality of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote thereon. All other matters presented to the stockholders at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be determined by the vote of a majority of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote thereon, unless the matter is one upon which, by applicable law, the Articles of Incorporation, these Bylaws or applicable stock exchange rules, a different vote is required, in which case such provision shall govern and control the decision of such matter. 3 (e) Inspectors of Election . The Board may, and shall if required by law, in advance of any meeting of stockholders, appoint one or more persons as inspectors of election, who may be employees of the Corporation or otherwise serve the Corporation in other capacities, to act at such meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof and to make a written report thereof. The Board may appoint one or more persons as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspectors of election or alternates are appointed by the Board, the chair of the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before discharging his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability. The inspectors shall ascertain and report the number of outstanding shares and the voting power of each; determine the number of shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and the validity of proxies and ballots; count all votes and ballots and report the results; determine and retain for a reasonable period a record of the disposition of any challenges made to any determination by the inspectors; and certify their determination of the number of shares represented at the meeting and their count of all votes and ballots. No person who is a candidate for an office at an election may serve as an inspector at such election. Each report of an inspector shall be in writing and signed by the inspector or by a majority of them if there is more than one inspector acting at such meeting. If there is more than one inspector, the report of a majority shall be the report of the inspectors. Section 2.6 Adjournments . Any meeting of stockholders, annual or special, may be adjourned by the chair of the meeting, from time to time, whether or not there is a quorum, to reconvene at the same or some other physical location or means of remote communication. Notice need not be given of any such adjourned meeting if the date, time, and physical location, if any, thereof, and the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting the stockholders, or the holders of any class or series of stock entitled to vote separately as a class, as the case may be, may transact any business that might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than 60 days after the meeting date set for the original meeting, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting in accordance with applicable provision of NRS 78.350(5). If after the adjournment a new record date for stockholders entitled to vote is fixed for the adjourned meeting, the Board shall fix a new record date for notice of such adjourned meeting in accordance with Section 9.2 and the provisions of NRS 78.350, and shall give notice of the adjourned meeting to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such adjourned meeting as of the record date fixed for notice of such adjourned meeting. Section 2.7 Advance Notice for Business . (a) Annual Meetings of Stockholders . No business may be transacted at an annual meeting of stockholders, other than business that is either (i) specified in the Corporation’s notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board, (ii) otherwise properly brought before the annual meeting by or at the direction of the Board or (iii) otherwise properly brought before the annual meeting by any stockholder of the Corporation (x) who is a stockholder of record entitled to vote at such annual meeting on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 2.7(a) and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such annual meeting and (y) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.7(a) . Notwithstanding anything in this Section 2.7(a) to the contrary, only persons nominated for election as a director to fill any term of a directorship that expires on the date of the annual meeting pursuant to Section 3.2 will be considered for election at such meeting. (i) In addition to any other applicable requirements, for business (other than nominations) to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, such stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary and such business must otherwise be a proper matter for stockholder action. Subject to Section 2.7(a)(iii) , a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary with respect to such business, to be timely, must be received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the 90th day nor earlier than the opening of business on the 120th day before the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders; provided, however, that in the event that the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not earlier than the opening of business on the 120th day before the meeting and not later than the later of (x) the close of business on the 90th day before the meeting or (y) the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of the annual meeting is first made by the Corporation. The public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting shall not commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described in this Section 2.7(a) . 4 (ii) To be in proper written form, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary with respect to any business (other than nominations) must set forth as to each such matter such stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting (A) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting, the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and in the event such business includes a proposal to amend these Bylaws, the language of the proposed amendment) and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (B) the name and record address of such stockholder and the name and address of the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, (C) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation that are owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder and by the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, (D) a description of all arrangements or understandings between such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made and any other person or persons (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder, (E) any material interest of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made in such business and (F) a representation that such stockholder (or a qualified representative of such stockholder) intends to appear in person or by proxy at the annual meeting to bring such business before the meeting. (iii) The foregoing notice requirements of this Section 2.7(a) shall be deemed satisfied by a stockholder as to any proposal (other than nominations) if the stockholder has notified the Corporation of such stockholder’s intention to present such proposal at an annual meeting in compliance with Rule 14a-8 (or any successor thereof) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”), and such stockholder has complied with the requirements of such rule for inclusion of such proposal in a proxy statement prepared by the Corporation to solicit proxies for such annual meeting. No business shall be conducted at the annual meeting of stockholders except business brought before the annual meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.7(a) , provided, however, that once business has been properly brought before the annual meeting in accordance with such procedures, nothing in this Section 2.7(a) shall be deemed to preclude discussion by any stockholder of any such business. If the Board or the chair of the annual meeting determines that any stockholder proposal was not made in accordance with the provisions of this Section 2.7(a) or that the information provided in a stockholder’s notice does not satisfy the information requirements of this Section 2.7(a) , such proposal shall not be presented for action at the annual meeting. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.7(a) , if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present the proposed business, such proposed business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such matter may have been received by the Corporation. (iv) In addition to the provisions of this Section 2.7(a) , a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth herein. Nothing in this Section 2.7(a) shall be deemed to affect any rights of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act. (b) Special Meetings of Stockholders . Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the Board may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting only pursuant to Section 3.2 . (c) Public Announcement . For purposes of these Bylaws, “ public announcement ” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Sections 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (or any successor thereto). 5 Section 2.8 Conduct of Meetings . The chair of each annual and special meeting of stockholders shall be the Chair of the Board or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chair of the Board, the President (if he or she shall be a director) or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the President or if the President is not a director, such other person as shall be appointed by the Board. The date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a meeting shall be announced at the meeting by the chair of the meeting. The Board may adopt such rules and regulations for the conduct of the meeting of stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with these Bylaws or such rules and regulations as adopted by the Board, the chair of any meeting of stockholders shall have the right and authority to convene and to adjourn the meeting, to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chair, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board or prescribed by the chair of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (a) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (b) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (c) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the Corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as the chair of the meeting shall determine; (d) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (e) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board or the chair of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure. The secretary of each annual and special meeting of stockholders shall be the Secretary or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Secretary, an Assistant Secretary so appointed to act by the chair of the meeting. In the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Secretary and all Assistant Secretaries, the chair of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting. Section 2.9 Consents in Lieu of Meeting . Any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation must be effected by a duly called annual or special meeting of such holders and may not be effected by written consent of the stockholders. ARTICLE III DIRECTORS Section 3.1 Powers; Number . The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board, which may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by the NRS or by the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws required to be exercised or done by the stockholders. Directors need not be stockholders or residents of the State of Nevada. Subject to the Articles of Incorporation, the number of directors shall be fixed exclusively by resolution of the Board. Section 3.2 Advance Notice for Nomination of Directors . (a) Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as directors of the Corporation, except as may be otherwise provided by the terms of one or more series of Preferred Stock with respect to the rights of holders of one or more series of Preferred Stock to elect directors. Nominations of persons for election to the Board at any annual meeting of stockholders, or at any special meeting of stockholders called for the purpose of electing directors as set forth in the Corporation’s notice of such special meeting, may be made (i) by or at the direction of the Board or (ii) by any stockholder of the Corporation (x) who is a stockholder of record entitled to vote in the election of directors on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 3.2 and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting and (y) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 3.2 . 6 (b) In addition to any other applicable requirements, for a nomination to be made by a stockholder, such stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary must be received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation (i) in the case of an annual meeting, not later than the close of business on the 90th day nor earlier than the opening of business on the 120th day before the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders; provided, however, that in the event that the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so received not earlier than the opening of business on the 120th day before the meeting and not later than the later of (x) the close of business on the 90th day before the meeting or (y) the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of the annual meeting was first made by the Corporation; and (ii) in the case of a special meeting of stockholders called for the purpose of electing directors, not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of the special meeting is first made by the Corporation. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting or special meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described in this Section 3.2 . (c) Notwithstanding anything in paragraph (b) to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board at an annual meeting is greater than the number of directors whose terms expire on the date of the annual meeting and there is no public announcement by the Corporation naming all of the nominees for the additional directors to be elected or specifying the size of the increased Board before the close of business on the 90th day prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders, a stockholder’s notice required by this Section 3.2 shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for the additional directorships created by such increase that are to be filled by election at such annual meeting, if it shall be received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the date on which such public announcement was first made by the Corporation. (d) To be in proper written form, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary must set forth (i) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a director (A) the name, age, business address and residence address of the person, (B) the principal occupation or employment of the person, (C) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation that are owned beneficially or of record by the person and (D) any other information relating to the person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; and (ii) as to the stockholder giving the notice (A) the name and record address of such stockholder as they appear on the Corporation’s books and the name and address of the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made, (B) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation that are owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made, (C) a description of all arrangements or understandings relating to the nomination to be made by such stockholder among such stockholder, the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made, each proposed nominee and any other person or persons (including their names), (D) a representation that such stockholder (or a qualified representative of such stockholder) intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the persons named in its notice and (E) any other information relating to such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Such notice must be accompanied by a written consent of each proposed nominee to being named as a nominee and to serve as a director if elected. (e) If the Board or the chair of the meeting of stockholders determines that any nomination was not made in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3.2 , or that the information provided in a stockholder’s notice does not satisfy the information requirements of this Section 3.2 , then such nomination shall not be considered at the meeting in question. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 3.2 , if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present the nomination, such nomination shall be disregarded, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such nomination may have been received by the Corporation. (f) In addition to the provisions of this Section 3.2 , a stockholder shall also comply with all of the applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth herein. Nothing in this Section 3.2 shall be deemed to affect any rights of the holders of Preferred Stock to elect directors pursuant to the Articles of Incorporation. 7 Section 3.3 Compensation . Unless otherwise restricted by the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the Board shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors, including for service on a committee of the Board, and may be paid either a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the Board or other compensation as director. The directors may be reimbursed their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members of committees of the Board may be allowed like compensation and reimbursement of expenses for service on the committee. Section 3.4 Newly Created Directorships and Vacancies . Unless otherwise provided by the Articles of Incorporation, newly created directorships resulting from an increase in the number of directors and any vacancies on the Board resulting from death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, removal or other cause shall be filled solely by a majority vote of the remaining directors then in office, even if less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director (and not by stockholders), and any director so chosen shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors to which the new directorship was added or in which the vacancy occurred and until his or her successor has been elected or appointed and qualified, subject, however, to such director’s earlier death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal. ARTICLE IV BOARD MEETINGS Section 4.1 Annual Meetings . The Board shall meet as soon as practicable after the adjournment of each annual stockholders’ meeting at the physical location of the annual stockholders’ meeting (or by means of remote communication pursuant to Section 9.5(b) ), unless the Board shall fix another time and physical location or means of remote communication, and give notice thereof in the manner required herein for special meetings of the Board. No notice to the directors shall be necessary to legally convene this meeting, except as provided in this Section 4.1 . Section 4.2 Regular Meetings . Regularly scheduled, periodic meetings of the Board may be held without notice at such times, dates and physical locations (within or without the State of Nevada) or by such means of remote communication as shall from time to time be determined by the Board. Section 4.3 Special Meetings . Special meetings of the Board (a) may be called by the Chair of the Board or the President and (b) shall be called by the Chair of the Board, the President or Secretary on the written request of at least a majority of directors then in office, or the sole director, as the case may be, and shall be held at such time, date and physical location (within or without the State of Nevada) and/or by such means of remote communication as may be determined by the person calling the meeting or, if called upon the request of directors or the sole director, as specified in such written request. Notice of each special meeting of the Board shall be given, as provided in Section 9.3 , to each director (i) at least 24 hours before the meeting if such notice is oral notice given personally or by telephone or written notice given by hand delivery or by means of a form of electronic transmission and delivery; (ii) at least two days before the meeting if such notice is sent by a nationally recognized overnight delivery service; and (iii) at least five days before the meeting if such notice is sent through the United States mail. If the Secretary shall fail or refuse to give such notice, then the notice may be given by the officer who called the meeting or the directors who requested the meeting. Any and all business that may be transacted at a regular meeting of the Board may be transacted at a special meeting. Except as may be otherwise expressly provided by applicable law, the Articles of Incorporation, or these Bylaws, neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any special meeting need be specified in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting. A special meeting may be held at any time without notice if all the directors are present or if those not present waive notice of the meeting in accordance with Section 9.4 . Section 4.4 Quorum; Required Vote . A majority of the Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the Board, and the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board, except as may be otherwise specifically provided by applicable law, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting, a majority of the directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present. 8 Section 4.5 Consent In Lieu of Meeting . Unless otherwise restricted by the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board or any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by communication sent by electronic transmission, or writings or communications by electronic transmission (or paper reproductions thereof) are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form. Section 4.6 Organization . The chair of each meeting of the Board shall be the Chair of the Board or, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chair of the Board, the President (if he or she shall be a director) or in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the President or if the President is not a director, a chair elected from the directors present. The Secretary shall act as secretary of all meetings of the Board. In the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Secretary, an Assistant Secretary shall perform the duties of the Secretary at such meeting. In the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Secretary and all Assistant Secretaries, the chair of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting. ARTICLE V COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS Section 5.1 Establishment . The Board may by resolution passed by a majority of the Board designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. The Board may also appoint natural persons who are not directors to serve on committees. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board when required by the resolution designating such committee. The Board shall have the power at any time to fill vacancies in, to change the membership of, or to dissolve any such committee. Section 5.2 Available Powers . Any committee established pursuant to Section 5.1 hereof, to the extent permitted by applicable law and by resolution of the Board, shall have and may exercise all of the powers and authority of the Board in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation (if any) to be affixed to all papers that may require it. Section 5.3 Alternate Members . The Board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of such committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of the committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he, she or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board to act at the meeting in place of any such absent or disqualified member. Section 5.4 Procedures . Unless the Board otherwise provides, the time, date, physical location, if any, means of remote communication, if any, and notice of meetings of a committee shall be determined by such committee. At meetings of a committee, a majority of the number of members of the committee (but not including any alternate member, unless such alternate member has replaced any absent or disqualified member at the time of, or in connection with, such meeting) shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The act of a majority of the members present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the committee, except as otherwise specifically provided by applicable law, the Articles of Incorporation, these Bylaws or the Board. If a quorum is not present at a meeting of a committee, the members present may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than an announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present. Unless the Board otherwise provides and except as provided in these Bylaws, each committee designated by the Board may make, alter, amend and repeal rules for the conduct of its business. In the absence of such rules each committee shall conduct its business in the same manner as the Board is authorized to conduct its business pursuant to Article III and Article IV of these Bylaws. 9 ARTICLE VI OFFICERS Section 6.1 Officers . The officers of the Corporation elected by the Board shall include a President, Secretary and Treasurer or the equivalent thereof and may include a Chair of the Board of Directors, a Chief Financial Officer and such other officers (including without limitation, Vice Presidents and Assistant Secretaries) as the Board from time to time may determine. Such officers elected by the Board shall each have such powers and duties as generally pertain to their respective offices, subject to the specific provisions of this Article VI . Such officers shall also have such powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred by the Board. The Board may also appoint such other officers (including without limitation one or more Vice Presidents and Controllers) as may be necessary or desirable for the conduct of the business of the Corporation and may give any of them such further designations or alternate titles as it considers desirable. Such other officers shall have such powers and duties and shall hold their offices for such terms as may be provided in these Bylaws or as may be prescribed by the Board. (a) Chair of the Board . The Chair of the Board shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board. The Chair of the Board shall have supervision and control of all activities of the Corporation, subject to the ultimate authority of the Board. The Chair of the Board shall preside over the position of the President in all respects. (b) President . The President shall perform all duties incident to the office of president of a corporation, subject in all respects to the Chair of the Board, and shall be responsible for the execution of the policies of the Chair of the Board with respect to such matters. In the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chair of the Board, the President (if he or she shall be a director) shall preside when present at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board. If there is no President, any person authorized by resolution of the Board to serve as the principal executive officer of the Corporation shall perform the duties and have the powers of the President. (c) Vice Presidents . In the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chair of the Board or the President, the Vice President (or in the event there be more than one Vice President, the Vice Presidents in the order designated by the Board) shall perform the duties and have the powers of the President. Any one or more of the Vice Presidents may be given an additional designation of rank or function. (d) Secretary . The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the stockholders, the Board and (as required) committees of the Board and shall record the proceedings of such meetings in books to be kept for that purpose. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the Board and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board, the Chair of the Board or the President. The Secretary shall have custody of the corporate seal of the Corporation (if any) and the Secretary, or any Assistant Secretary, shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it, and when so affixed, it may be attested by his or her signature or by the signature of such Assistant Secretary. The Board may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest the affixing thereof by his or her signature. The Secretary shall keep, or cause to be kept, at the principal executive office of the Corporation or at the office of the Corporation’s transfer agent or registrar, if one has been appointed, a stock ledger, or duplicate stock ledger, showing the names of the stockholders and their addresses, the number and classes of shares held by each and, with respect to certificated shares, the number and date of certificates issued for the same and the number and date of certificates cancelled. If there is no Secretary, the President, the Vice President (or in the event there be more than one Vice President, the Vice Presidents in the order designated by the Board) or any other person authorized by resolution of the Board shall perform the duties and have the powers of the Secretary. (e) Assistant Secretaries . The Assistant Secretary or, if there be more than one, the Assistant Secretaries in the order determined by the Board shall, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Secretary, perform the duties and have the powers of the Secretary. (f) Chief Financial Officer . The Chief Financial Officer shall perform all duties commonly incident to that office (including, without limitation, the care and custody of the funds and securities of the Corporation, which from time to time may come into the Chief Financial Officer’s hands and the deposit of the funds of the Corporation in such banks or trust companies as the Board or the President may authorize). If there is no Chief Financial Officer, any person authorized by resolution of the Board to serve as the principal financial officer of the Corporation shall perform the duties and have the powers of the Chief Financial Officer. (g) Treasurer . The Treasurer shall, in the absence (or inability or refusal to act) of the Chief Financial Officer, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Chief Financial Officer. 10 Section 6.2 Term of Office; Removal; Vacancies . The officers of the Corporation shall be appointed by the Board and shall hold office until their successors are duly elected or appointed and qualified by the Board or until their earlier death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, or removal from office. Any officer may be removed, with or without cause, at any time by the Board. Any officer appointed by the Board or the President may also be removed, with or without cause, by the Board or the President, as the case may be, unless the Board otherwise provides. Any vacancy occurring in any elected office of the Corporation may be filled by the Board. Any vacancy occurring in any office appointed by the Board or the President may be filled by the Board or the President, as the case may be, unless the Board then determines that such office shall thereupon be elected by the Board, in which case the Board shall elect such officer. Section 6.3 Other Officers . The Board may delegate the power to appoint such other officers and agents, and may also remove such officers and agents or delegate the power to remove same, as it shall from time to time deem necessary or desirable. Section 6.4 Multiple Officeholders; Stockholder and Director Officers . Any number of offices may be held by the same person unless the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws otherwise provide. Officers need not be stockholders or residents of the State of Nevada. ARTICLE VII SHARES Section 7.1 Certificated and Uncertificated Shares . The shares of stock of the Corporation may be certificated or uncertificated, subject to the sole discretion of the Board and the requirements of the NRS. If the shares of stock of the Corporation shall be certificated, such certificates shall be in such form as is consistent with applicable law and as shall be prescribed by the Board. Section 7.2 Multiple Classes of Stock . If the Corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, each certificate representing shares shall state the following upon the face thereof: the name of the state of the Corporation’s organization; the name of the person to whom issued; the number and class of shares and the designation of the series, if any, which such certificate represents; the par value of each share, if any, represented by such certificate or a statement that the shares are without par value. No certificate shall be issued until the shares represented thereby are fully paid. The Corporation, if required by the applicable provisions of the NRS, including NRS 78.235 and 78.242, shall, within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of uncertificated shares, send to the registered owner thereof a written notice containing the information required to be set forth on certificates by NRS 78.235(5), and within 10 days after receipt of a written request therefor from the stockholder of record holding uncertificated shares, the Corporation shall provide to such stockholder of record a written statement confirming the information contained in such written statement previously sent to the stockholder of record. In addition to the foregoing, all certificates evidencing shares of the Corporation’s stock or other securities issued by the Corporation shall contain such legend or legends as may from time to time be required by the NRS or such other laws or regulations then in effect. Except as otherwise expressly provided by the NRS, the rights and obligations of the stockholders of the Corporation shall be identical whether or not their shares of stock are represented by certificates. Section 7.3 Signatures . Each certificate representing capital stock of the Corporation shall be signed by or in the name of the Corporation by (a) the Chair of the Board, the President or a Vice President and (b) the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation. Any or all the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, such certificate may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer agent or registrar on the date of issue. 11 Section 7.4 Consideration and Payment for Shares . (a) Subject to applicable law and the Articles of Incorporation, shares of stock may be issued for such consideration, having in the case of shares with par value a value not less than the par value thereof, and to such persons, as determined from time to time by the Board. The consideration may consist of any tangible or intangible property or any benefit to the Corporation including, without limitation, cash, promissory notes, services performed, contracts for services to be performed or other securities, or any combination thereof. (b) Subject to applicable law and the Articles of Incorporation, shares may not be issued until the full amount of the consideration has been paid, unless upon the face or back of each certificate issued to represent any partially paid shares of capital stock or upon the books and records of the Corporation in the case of partially paid uncertificated shares, there shall have been set forth the total amount of the consideration to be paid therefor and the amount paid thereon up to and including the time said certificate representing certificated shares or said uncertificated shares are issued. Section 7.5 Lost, Destroyed or Wrongfully Taken Certificates . (a) If an owner of a certificate representing shares claims that such certificate has been lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken, the Corporation shall issue a new certificate representing such shares or such shares in uncertificated form if the owner: (i) requests such a new certificate before the Corporation has notice that the certificate representing such shares has been acquired by a protected purchaser; (ii) if requested by the Corporation, delivers to the Corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made against the Corporation on account of the alleged loss, wrongful taking or destruction of such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate or uncertificated shares; and (iii) satisfies other reasonable requirements imposed by the Corporation. (b) If a certificate representing shares has been lost, apparently destroyed or wrongfully taken, and the owner fails to notify the Corporation of that fact within a reasonable time after the owner has notice of such loss, apparent destruction or wrongful taking and the Corporation registers a transfer of such shares before receiving notification, the owner shall be precluded from asserting against the Corporation any claim for registering such transfer or a claim to a new certificate representing such shares or such shares in uncertificated form. Section 7.6 Transfer of Stock . (a) If a certificate representing shares of the Corporation is presented to the Corporation with an endorsement requesting the registration of transfer of such shares or an instruction is presented to the Corporation requesting the registration of transfer of uncertificated shares, the Corporation shall register the transfer as requested if: (i) in the case of certificated shares, the certificate representing such shares has been surrendered; (ii) (A) with respect to certificated shares, the endorsement is made by the person specified by the certificate as entitled to such shares; (B) with respect to uncertificated shares, an instruction is made by the registered owner of such uncertificated shares; or (C) with respect to certificated shares or uncertificated shares, the endorsement or instruction is made by any other appropriate person or by an agent who has actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person; (iii) the Corporation has received a guarantee of signature of the person signing such endorsement or instruction or such other reasonable assurance that the endorsement or instruction is genuine and authorized as the Corporation may request; (iv) the transfer does not violate any restriction on transfer imposed by the Corporation that is enforceable in accordance with NRS 78.242; and (v) such other conditions for such transfer as shall be provided for under applicable law have been satisfied. (b) Whenever any transfer of shares shall be made for collateral security and not absolutely, the Corporation shall so record such fact in the entry of transfer if, when the certificate for such shares is presented to the Corporation for transfer or, if such shares are uncertificated, when the instruction for registration of transfer thereof is presented to the Corporation, both the transferor and transferee request the Corporation to do so. 12 Section 7.7 Record Stockholders . Before due presentment for registration of transfer of a certificate representing shares of the Corporation or of an instruction requesting registration of transfer of uncertificated shares, the Corporation may treat the record owner as the person exclusively entitled to inspect for any proper purpose and to the extent permitted by the NRS the stock ledger and the other books of account and financial statements of the Corporation, vote such shares, receive dividends or other distributions or notifications with respect to such shares and otherwise exercise all the rights and powers of the owner of such shares. Section 7.8 Regulations . The Board shall have power and authority to make such additional rules and regulations, subject to any applicable requirement of law, as the Board may deem necessary and appropriate with respect to the issue, transfer or registration of transfer of shares of stock or certificates representing shares. The Board may appoint one or more transfer agents or registrars and may require for the validity thereof that certificates representing shares bear the signature of any transfer agent or registrar so appointed. ARTICLE VIII INDEMNIFICATION Section 8.1 Right to Indemnification . To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law (including NRS 78.7502 and NRS 78.751), as the same exists or may hereafter be amended, the Corporation shall indemnify and hold harmless each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved in any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a “ proceeding ”), by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or, while a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, manager, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, other enterprise or nonprofit entity, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan (an “ Indemnitee ”), whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director, officer, employee or agent, or in any other capacity while serving as a director, officer, manager (of a limited liability company) employee or agent, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes and penalties and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred by such Indemnitee in connection with such proceeding; provided, however, that, except as provided in Section 8.3 with respect to proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification, the Corporation shall indemnify an Indemnitee in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such Indemnitee only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board. Section 8.2 Right to Advancement of Expenses . In addition to the right to indemnification conferred in Section 8.1 , an Indemnitee shall also have the right to be paid by the Corporation, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law (including NRS 78.751), the expenses (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees) as they are incurred in defending or otherwise participating in any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition (an “ advancement of expenses ”); provided, however, that such an advancement of expenses incurred by an Indemnitee in his or her capacity as a director or officer of the Corporation (and not in any other capacity in which service was or is rendered by such Indemnitee, including, without limitation, service to an employee benefit plan) shall be made only upon the Corporation’s receipt of an undertaking (an “ undertaking ”), by or on behalf of such Indemnitee, to repay all amounts so advanced if it is ultimately determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that such Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified under this Article VIII or otherwise (a “ repayment adjudication ”). 13 Section 8.3 Right of Indemnitee to Bring Suit . If a claim under Section 8.1 or Section 8.2 is not paid in full by the Corporation within 60 days after a written claim therefor has been received by the Corporation, except in the case of a claim for an advancement of expenses, in which case the applicable period shall be 20 days, the Indemnitee may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim. If successful in whole or in part in any such suit, or in a suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the Indemnitee shall also be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting or defending such suit. In (a) any suit brought by the Indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification hereunder (but not in a suit brought by an Indemnitee to enforce a right to an advancement of expenses) it shall be a defense that, and (b) in any suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the Corporation shall be entitled to recover such expenses upon a repayment adjudication from which there is no further right to appeal that, the Indemnitee has not met any applicable standard for indemnification set forth in the NRS. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including its directors who are not parties to such action, a committee of such directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such suit that indemnification of the Indemnitee is proper in the circumstances because the Indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the NRS, nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including a determination by its directors who are not parties to such action, a committee of such directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) that the Indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall create a presumption that the Indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct or, in the case of such a suit brought by the Indemnitee, shall be a defense to such suit. In any suit brought by the Indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification or to an advancement of expenses hereunder, or by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the burden of proving that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified, or to such advancement of expenses, under this Article VIII or otherwise shall be on the Corporation. Section 8.4 Non-Exclusivity of Rights . The rights provided to any Indemnitee pursuant to this Article VIII shall not be exclusive of any other right, which such Indemnitee may have or hereafter acquire under applicable law, the Articles of Incorporation, these Bylaws, an agreement, a vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise. Section 8.5 Insurance . The Corporation may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and/or any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any expense, liability or loss, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the NRS. Section 8.6 Indemnification of Other Persons . This Article VIII shall not limit the right of the Corporation to the extent and in the manner authorized or permitted by law to indemnify and to advance expenses to persons other than Indemnitees. Without limiting the foregoing, the Corporation may, to the extent authorized from time to time by the Board, grant rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses to any employee or agent of the Corporation and to any other person who is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, manager, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, other enterprise or nonprofit entity, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan, to the fullest extent of the provisions of this Article VIII with respect to the indemnification and advancement of expenses of Indemnitees under this Article VIII . The Board shall have the power to delegate to any person or persons identified in NRS 78.7502(3) the determination of whether employees or agents shall be indemnified or receive an advancement of expenses. Section 8.7 Amendments . Any repeal or amendment of this Article VIII by the Board or the stockholders of the Corporation or by changes in applicable law, or the adoption of any other provision of these Bylaws inconsistent with this Article VIII , will, to the extent permitted by applicable law, be prospective only (except to the extent such amendment or change in applicable law permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights to Indemnitees on a retroactive basis than permitted prior thereto), and will not in any way diminish or adversely affect any right or protection existing hereunder in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to such repeal or amendment or adoption of such inconsistent provision; provided, however, that amendments or repeals of this Article VIII shall require the affirmative vote of the stockholders holding at least a majority of the voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation. Section 8.8 Certain Definitions . For purposes of this Article VIII , (a) references to “ other enterprise ” shall include any employee benefit plan; (b) references to “ fines ” shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; (c) references to “ serving at the request of the Corporation ” shall include any service that imposes duties on, or involves services by, a person with respect to any employee benefit plan, its participants, or beneficiaries; and (d) a person who acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner “not opposed to the best interests of the corporation” for purposes of NRS 78.7502. 14 Section 8.9 Contract Rights . The rights provided to Indemnitees pursuant to this Article VIII shall be contract rights and such rights shall continue as to an Indemnitee who has ceased to be a director, officer, agent or employee and shall inure to the benefit of the Indemnitee’s heirs, executors and administrators. Section 8.10 Severability . If any provision or provisions of this Article VIII shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever: (a) the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Article VIII shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby; and (b) to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Article VIII (including, without limitation, each such portion of this Article VIII containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested by the provision held invalid, illegal or unenforceable. ARTICLE IX MISCELLANEOUS Section 9.1 Physical Location of Meetings . If the physical location of any meeting of stockholders, the Board or committee of the Board for which notice is required under these Bylaws is not designated in the notice of such meeting, such meeting shall be held at the principal business office of the Corporation; provided, however, if the Board has, in its sole discretion, determined that a meeting shall not be held at any physical location, but instead shall be held solely by means of remote communication pursuant to Section 9.5 hereof, and as authorized by NRS 78.320(4)-(5) (in the case of a stockholders’ meeting) or NRS 78.315(3) (in the case of a meeting of the Board or a committee thereof), then such meeting shall not be held at any physical location. Section 9.2 Fixing Record Dates . (a) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board may fix a record date, which shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board, and which record date shall not be more than 60 nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting. If the Board so fixes a date, such date shall also be the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting unless the Board determines, at the time it fixes such record date, that a later date on or before the date of the meeting shall be the date for making such determination. If no record date is fixed by the Board, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the business day next preceding the day on which the first notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the business day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment or postponement of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board may fix a new record date for the adjourned or postponed meeting, and in such case shall also fix as the record date for stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned or postponed meeting the same date as that fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this Section 9.2(a) and the provisions of NRS 78.350. (b) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than 60 days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board adopts the resolution relating thereto. 15 Section 9.3 Means of Giving Notice . (a) Notice to Directors . Whenever under applicable law, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws notice is required to be given to any director, such notice shall be given either (i) in writing and sent by mail, or by a nationally recognized delivery service, (ii) by means of facsimile telecommunication or other form of electronic transmission, or (iii) by oral notice given personally or by telephone. A notice to a director will be deemed given as follows: (i) if given by hand delivery, orally, or by telephone, when actually received by the director, (ii) if sent through the United States mail, when deposited in the United States mail, with postage and fees thereon prepaid, addressed to the director at the director’s address appearing on the records of the Corporation, (iii) if sent for next day delivery by a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, when deposited with such service, with fees thereon prepaid, addressed to the director at the director’s address appearing on the records of the Corporation, (iv) if sent by facsimile telecommunication, when sent to the facsimile transmission number for such director appearing on the records of the Corporation, (v) if sent by electronic mail, when sent to the electronic mail address for such director appearing on the records of the Corporation, or (vi) if sent by any other form of electronic transmission, when sent to the address, location or number (as applicable) for such director appearing on the records of the Corporation. (b) Notice to Stockholders . Whenever under applicable law, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws notice is required to be given to any stockholder, such notice may be given (i) in writing and sent either by hand delivery, through the United States mail, or by a nationally recognized overnight delivery service for next day delivery, or (ii) by means of a form of electronic transmission consented to by the stockholder, to the extent permitted by, and subject to the conditions set forth in NRS 75.150. A notice to a stockholder shall be deemed given as follows: (i) if given by hand delivery, when actually received by the stockholder, (ii) if sent through the United States mail, when deposited in the United States mail, with postage and fees thereon prepaid, addressed to the stockholder at the stockholder’s address appearing on the stock ledger of the Corporation, (iii) if sent for next day delivery by a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, when deposited with such service, with fees thereon prepaid, addressed to the stockholder at the stockholder’s address appearing on the stock ledger of the Corporation, and (iv) if given by a form of electronic transmission consented to by the stockholder to whom the notice is given and otherwise meeting the requirements set forth above, (A) if by facsimile transmission, when directed to a number at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice, (B) if by electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice, (C) if by a posting on an electronic network together with separate notice to the stockholder of such specified posting, upon the later of (1) such posting and (2) the giving of such separate notice, and (D) if by any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the stockholder. A stockholder may revoke such stockholder’s consent to receiving notice by means of electronic communication by giving written notice of such revocation to the Corporation. Any such consent shall be deemed revoked if (1) the Corporation is unable to deliver by electronic transmission two consecutive notices given by the Corporation in accordance with such consent and (2) such inability becomes known to the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or to the Corporation’s transfer agent, or other person responsible for the giving of notice; provided, however, the inadvertent failure to treat such inability as a revocation shall not invalidate any meeting or other action. (c) Electronic Transmission . “ Electronic transmission ” means any form of communication, not directly involving the physical transmission of paper, that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved and reviewed by a recipient thereof, and that may be directly reproduced in paper form by such a recipient through an automated process, including but not limited to any recognizable electronic transmission process, including by facsimile or electronic mail. (d) Notice to Stockholders Sharing Same Address . Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively by the Corporation to stockholders, any notice to stockholders given by the Corporation under any provision of the NRS, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws shall be effective if given by a single written notice to stockholders who share an address if consented to by the stockholders at that address to whom such notice is given. A stockholder may revoke such stockholder’s consent by delivering written notice of such revocation to the Corporation. Any stockholder who fails to object in writing to the Corporation within 60 days of having been given written notice by the Corporation of its intention to send such a single written notice shall be deemed to have consented to receiving such single written notice. 16 (e) Exceptions to Notice Requirements . To the extent permitted by applicable law, any action or meeting that shall be taken or held without notice to any such person with whom communication is unlawful shall have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly given. Whenever notice is required to be given by the Corporation, under any provision of the NRS, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, to any stockholder to whom (1) notice of two consecutive annual meetings of stockholders and all notices of stockholder meetings or of the taking of action by written consent of stockholders without a meeting to such stockholder during the period between such two consecutive annual meetings, or (2) all, and at least two payments (if sent by first-class mail) of dividends, other distributions or interest on securities during a 12-month period, have been mailed addressed to such stockholder at such stockholder’s address as shown on the records of the Corporation and have been returned undeliverable, the giving of such notice to such stockholder shall not be required. To the extent permitted by applicable law, any action or meeting that shall be taken or held without notice to such stockholder shall have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly given. If any such stockholder shall deliver to the Corporation a written notice setting forth such stockholder’s then current address, the requirement that notice be given to such stockholder shall be reinstated. The exception in subsection (1) of the first sentence of this paragraph to the requirement that notice be given shall not be applicable to any notice returned as undeliverable if the notice was given by electronic transmission. Section 9.4 Waiver of Notice . Whenever any notice is required to be given under applicable law, the Articles of Incorporation, or these Bylaws, a written waiver of such notice, signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to such required notice. All such waivers shall be kept with the books of the Corporation. Attendance at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where a person attends for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting was not lawfully called or convened. Section 9.5 Meeting Attendance via Remote Communication Equipment . (a) Stockholder Meetings . If authorized by the Board in its sole discretion, and subject to such guidelines and procedures as it may adopt, and as authorized by NRS 78.320(4), stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting and proxy holders not physically present at a meeting of stockholders may, by means of remote communication: (i) participate in a meeting of stockholders; and (ii) be deemed present in person and vote at a meeting of stockholders, whether such meeting is to be held at a designated physical location or solely by means of remote communication, provided that (A) the Corporation shall implement reasonable measures to verify that each person deemed present and permitted to vote at the meeting by means of remote communication is a stockholder or proxy holder, (B) the Corporation shall implement reasonable measures to provide such stockholders and proxy holders a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting and, if entitled to vote, to vote on matters submitted to the applicable stockholders, including an opportunity to read or hear the proceedings of the meeting substantially concurrently with such proceedings, and (C) if any stockholder or proxy holder votes or takes other action at the meeting by means of remote communication, a record of such votes or other action shall be maintained by the Corporation. (b) Board Meetings . Unless otherwise restricted by applicable law, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, members of the Board or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of the Board or any committee thereof by means of videoconference, conference telephone, electronic communications or other available technology satisfying the applicable requirements of NRS 78.315(3). Such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting, except where a person participates in the meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting was not lawfully called or convened. 17 Section 9.6 Distributions . The Board may from time to time declare, and the Corporation may pay, dividends and other distributions (payable in cash, property or shares of the Corporation’s capital stock) on the Corporation’s outstanding shares of capital stock, subject to applicable law and the Articles of Incorporation. Section 9.7 Reserves . The Board may set apart out of the funds of the Corporation available for dividends and other distributions a reserve or reserves for any proper purpose and may abolish any such reserve. Section 9.8 Contracts and Negotiable Instruments . Except as otherwise provided by applicable law, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any contract, bond, deed, lease, mortgage or other instrument may be executed and delivered in the name and on behalf of the Corporation by such officer or officers or other employee or employees of the Corporation as the Board may from time to time authorize. Such authority may be general or confined to specific instances as the Board may determine. The Chair of the Board, President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Secretary or any Vice President may execute and deliver any contract, bond, deed, lease, mortgage or other instrument in the name and on behalf of the Corporation. Subject to any restrictions imposed by the Board, the Chair of the Board, President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Secretary or any Vice President may delegate powers to execute and deliver any contract, bond, deed, lease, mortgage or other instrument in the name and on behalf of the Corporation to other officers or employees of the Corporation under such person’s supervision and authority, it being understood, however, that any such delegation of power shall not relieve such officer of responsibility with respect to the exercise of such delegated power. Section 9.9 Fiscal Year . The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by the Board. Section 9.10 Seal . The Board may adopt a corporate seal, which shall be in such form as the Board determines. The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed, affixed or otherwise reproduced. Section 9.11 Books and Records . The books and records of the Corporation may be kept within or outside the State of Nevada at such place or places as may from time to time be designated by the Board. Section 9.12 Resignation . Any director, committee member or officer may resign by giving notice thereof in writing (including communication by electronic transmission) to the Chair of the Board or the President. The resignation shall take effect at the time it is delivered unless the resignation specifies a later effective date or an effective date determined upon the happening of an event or events. Unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Section 9.13 Surety Bonds . Such officers, employees and agents of the Corporation (if any) as the Chair of the Board may direct, from time to time, shall be bonded for the faithful performance of their duties and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of their death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in their possession or under their control belonging to the Corporation, in such amounts and by such surety companies as the Chair of the Board may determine. The premiums on such bonds shall be paid by the Corporation and the bonds so furnished shall be in the custody of the Chair of the Board. Section 9.14 Securities of Other Corporations . Powers of attorney, proxies, waivers of notice of meeting, consents in writing and other instruments relating to securities owned by the Corporation may be executed in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation by the Chair of the Board, or the President, or any designee thereof. Any such officer may, in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, take all such action as any such officer may deem advisable to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of security holders of any corporation in which the Corporation may own securities, or to consent in writing, in the name of the Corporation as such holder, to any action by such corporation, and at any such meeting or with respect to any such consent shall possess and may exercise any and all rights and power incident to the ownership of such securities and which, as the owner thereof, the Corporation might have exercised and possessed. The Board may from time to time confer like powers upon any other person or persons. 18 Section 9.15 Amendments . The Board shall have the power to adopt, amend, alter or repeal the Bylaws. The affirmative vote of a majority of the Board shall be required to adopt, amend, alter or repeal the Bylaws. The Bylaws also may be adopted, amended, altered or repealed by the stockholders; provided, however, that in addition to any separate vote of the holders of any class or series of capital stock of the Corporation required by applicable law, the Articles of Incorporation or the Bylaws, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, shall be required for the stockholders to adopt, amend, alter or repeal the Bylaws. Section 9.16 Exclusive Forum . Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, and subject to applicable jurisdictional requirements, the sole and exclusive forum for (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (b) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer or controlling stockholder of the Corporation in such capacity, (c) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of NRS Title 7, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, including any internal action (as defined in NRS 78.046 or any successor statute), or (d) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall be the Eighth Judicial District Court of the State of Nevada, in Clark County, Nevada (the “ Eighth Judicial District Court ”) (or, if the Eighth Judicial District Court lacks jurisdiction over such action or proceeding, then another court of the State of Nevada or, if no court of the State of Nevada has jurisdiction, then the United States District Court for the District of Nevada). The foregoing sentence shall not apply to claims arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Securities Act ”), the Exchange Act or other federal securities laws for which there is exclusive federal or concurrent federal and state jurisdiction. Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Section 9.16 . If any provision or provisions of this Section 9.16 shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable as applied to any person or entity or circumstance for any reason whatsoever, then, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the validity, legality and enforceability of such provisions in any other circumstance and of the remaining provisions of this Section 9.16 (including, without limitation, each portion of any sentence of this Section 9.16 containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable that is not itself held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) and the application of such provision to other persons or entities and circumstances shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby. Section 9.17 Acquisition of Controlling Interest Statutes . Notwithstanding any other provision in these Bylaws to the contrary, and in accordance with the provisions of NRS 78.378, the provisions of NRS 78.378 to 78.3793, inclusive (or any successor statutes thereto), relating to acquisitions of controlling interests in the Corporation, do not apply to the Corporation or to any acquisition of shares of the Corporation’s capital stock. 19 |
EX-5.1 · tm2616921d2_ex5-1.htm
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EX-5.1 · tm2616921d2_ex5-1.htm EX-5.1 5 tm2616921d2_ex5-1.htm EXHIBIT 5.1 Exhibit 5.1 Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, LLP 702.382.2101 main 100 North City Parkway, Suite 1600 Las Vegas, Nevada 89106 June 5, 2026 GPGI, Inc. 309 Pierce Street Somerset, New Jersey 08873 To the addressee set forth above: We have acted as local Nevada counsel to GPGI, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “ Company ”), which is the resulting entity (as defined in Nevada Revised Statutes 92A.090) in the conversion of GPGI, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Delaware Corporation ”), into a Nevada corporation (the “ Conversion ”), in connection with the filing by the Company of a Current Report on Form 8-K, incorporated by reference into the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (collectively, the “ Registration Statements ”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ Commission ”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Act ”), on (i) March 16, 2022, as File No. 333-263617 (as post-effectively amended on May 13, 2022), which included the registration of (a) 12,030,280 shares (the “ March 2022 Shares ”) of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “ Class A Common Stock ”), issuable under the GPGI, Inc. 2021 Incentive Equity Plan (as amended, the “ 2021 Plan ”) and (b) 5,409,771 shares of Class A Common Stock (the “ A&R Plan Shares ”) issuable under the CompoSecure, L.L.C. Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan (together with the 2021 Plan, the “ Plans ”), (ii) August 15, 2023, as File No. 333-273982, relating to the registration of an additional 3,066,514 shares of Class A Common Stock (the “ August 2023 Shares ”) issuable under the 2021 Plan, (iii) August 12, 2024, as File No. 333-281483, relating to the registration of an additional 3,179,300 shares of Class A Common Stock (the “ August 2024 Shares ”) issuable under the 2021 Plan and (iv) June 25, 2025, as File No. 333-288316, relating to the registration of an additional 30,217,472 shares of Class A Common Stock (together with the March 2022 Shares, A&R Plan Shares, August 2023 Shares and August 2024 Shares, the “ Shares ”) issuable under the 2021 Plan. This opinion letter is being delivered at your request pursuant to the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Act. In our capacity as such counsel, we are familiar with the proceedings taken and proposed to be taken by the Company in connection with the authorization and issuance of the Shares as contemplated by the Plans and as described in the Registration Statements. For purposes of this opinion letter, and except to the extent set forth in the opinion expressed below, we have assumed that all such proceedings have been or will be timely completed in the manner contemplated by the Plans and as presently proposed in the Registration Statements. For purposes of issuing this opinion letter, we have (a) made such legal and factual examinations and inquiries, including an examination of originals or copies certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction as being true copies of (i) the Registration Statements, (ii) the Plans, (iii) the articles of incorporation and bylaws of the Company, and (iv) such other agreements, instruments, corporate records (including resolutions of the board of directors and any committee thereof and of the stockholders of the Company) and other documents, or forms thereof, as we have deemed necessary or appropriate, and (b) obtained from officers and other representatives and agents of the Company and from public officials, and have relied upon, such certificates, representations, assurances and public filings as we have deemed necessary or appropriate. www.bhfs.com GPGI, Inc. June 5, 2026 Page 2 Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, we have, with your permission, assumed without independent verification that (i) the Plans are valid, binding and enforceable obligations of the Company; (ii) each natural person executing a document has or will have sufficient legal capacity to do so; (iii) all documents submitted to us as originals are authentic, the signatures on all documents we reviewed are genuine and all documents submitted to us as certified, conformed, photostatic, electronic or facsimile copies conform to the original document; (iv) the statements of fact and representations and warranties set forth in the documents we have reviewed are, or will at all relevant times be, true and correct as to factual matters; (v) all corporate records made available to us by the Company, and all public records we have reviewed, are accurate and complete; (vi) prior to the Conversion, the Delaware Corporation has taken all corporate action required under the laws of the State of Delaware to authorize and approve the Plans and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the issuance by the Company of the Shares; and (vii) after any issuance of Shares, the total number of issued and outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock, together with the total number of shares of Class A Common Stock then reserved for issuance or obligated to be issued by the Company pursuant to any agreement, plan (including the Plans) or arrangement, or otherwise, will not exceed the total number of shares of Class A Common Stock then authorized under the Company’s articles of incorporation. We are qualified to practice law in the State of Nevada. The opinion set forth herein is expressly limited to, and based exclusively on, the general corporate laws of the State of Nevada, and we do not purport to be experts on, or to express any opinion with respect to the applicability thereto or the effect thereon of, the laws of any other jurisdiction. We express no opinion concerning, and we assume no responsibility as to laws or judicial decisions related to, or any orders, consents or other authorizations or approvals as may be required by, any federal laws, rules or regulations, including, without limitation, any federal securities laws, rules or regulations, or any state securities or “blue sky” laws, rules or regulations. Based on the foregoing and in reliance thereon, and having regard to legal considerations and other information that we deem relevant, we are of the opinion that the Shares have been duly authorized by the Company and, if, when and to the extent issued in accordance with all applicable terms and conditions set forth in the relevant Plan and in exchange for the consideration required thereunder, and as described in the Registration Statements, such Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. The opinion expressed herein is based upon the applicable laws of the State of Nevada and the facts in existence on the date of this opinion letter. In delivering this opinion letter to you, we disclaim any obligation to update or supplement the opinion set forth herein or to apprise you of any changes in any laws or facts after the filing of this opinion letter as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, incorporated by reference into the Registration Statements. No opinion is offered or implied as to any matter, and no inference may be drawn, beyond the strict scope of the specific issues expressly addressed by the opinion set forth herein. GPGI, Inc. June 5, 2026 Page 3 We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion letter as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, incorporated by reference into the Registration Statements. In giving this consent, we do not admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder. Very truly yours, /s/ Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, LLP |